".

At the time this name was found, this sport was in the lands that were in a common civilization field in ancient Iran from Central Asia to South and West Asia. (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iraq, Azerbaijan and Turkey). In these lands, tribes of the same race who lived together in ancient times were later divided into two groups, one group of them went to India, and the other group called themselves Arya or Ayria, which means loyal friend, in the lands that Western Asia was located and present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Turkestan and the Caucasus. They settled there, they called it Iran, which means the place of the Aryans. There were several groups of Aryans: the Medes in the west and northwest of Iran, the Persians in the south of Iran and in the Fars region, and in the northeast of Iran, a group of Aryans called The Parthians settled. The land that this group chose for their life was a flat plateau with fertile valleys and variable weather. This nature made the people of Iran active, hardworking and warlike to the extent that they were able to create one of the most powerful empires of that time between 558 and 331 BC.
 < br /> Similarity of Zurkhaneh architecture with Mehri temples
 Dr. Mehdi Bahar has stated in his research article on the ancient sports of Iran and its historical roots: "A long time has passed on the ancient sports of Iran And like all ancient traditions, its origin is lost in the dust of history, and today if we try to recover its origin, this effort is based only on the signs that can be seen here and there.
Our Zorkhanehs have many similarities with Mehri temples. Zurkhanahs are always reached by a long staircase from the basement to the street level. All the powerhouses that were built according to the Hand ritual are located underground and usually under other buildings, these old powerhouses have little light. If mentioning " modern » Ancestors and not according to the standards, Mehri temples were built next to or near running water. Another custom of Zorkhane is to ring the bell, which is hung by a chain on the head of the Zorkhane, and the master rings it when great warriors enter, so that everyone is aware of their arrival. A bell has also been found in Mehri temples, which is believed to be rung when the image of the seal is shown at the end or at the beginning of the ceremony.
If you imagine If it is true that the Zorkhane ritual is related to Mehri temples, this bell is sung in Mehri temples when religious elders enter. The ranks that exist in the Zurkhanehs, such as veteran rider, mentor, veteran, owner of the bell, owner of the crown, and others, remind us of the seven ranks of the followers of Mehr, and it is possible that both of them were of the same origin.
who put the crown of poverty on his head. 7 This ceremony is also present in Mehri customs. In many surviving works of Mehri outside the city of Rome, the sun god can be seen kneeling in front of Mehr and Mehr is holding something like a hat in his other hand. He has taken to give to the sun. There is an inscription in Bucharest, according to which the seal puts a Phrygian hat on the sun's head. Nochehs, Pishkhises, Nohashtes and constructions have the same position in Zorkhaneh as they had in the Mehr ceremony of new arrivals. In the Roman Mehr ritual, the followers of Mehr were trained with a fighting spirit.  In Zorkhaneh, battle etiquette is also learned in a symbolic way.
Many traditional male dances in Iran and other countries also represent a kind of battle that itselfEnde is the same as the old manners of the male jirga. Dr. Mehdi Bahar believes: following this series of connections – If our assumption is correct – It can be assumed that rituals similar to Zorkhaneh sports have been performed in European Mehri temples. In his research, he concludes: 1. Considering the comparative study of the ritual of Mehr and Zurkhaneh and the connection of Zurkhaneh with chivalry, it can be assumed that Zurkhanehs must be very old in Iran and their origin goes back to the Parthian period at least. Because it is during this period that the Mehr religion spreads globally, it goes to Europe, and the Mehr temples, which in many ways are like our Zorkhanehs, are built there, and the Ayari religion is established in Iran. 2- In this tradition, the cultivation of the body has been the most important condition for reaching the truth and health of the soul, but this cultivation and exercise of the body has been mixed with spiritual customs so much that it has actually made the cultivation of the soul inseparable from the body. 3- Sports and martial arts were among the main daily activities of Iranians in ancient times. The society of that time placed special value on athletes who were grateful for their physical strength and mental courage. 4- Warriors defended their family and land against enemies if needed. These wrestlers were met with indescribable applause from everyone for their sport, heroism and strength. According to the religious teachings of ancient Iranians, the men of Zorkhane in their prayers first praised the beauty of heaven and then asked God for their physical and mental strength. They firmly believed in a healthy and strong body. Ancient Iranians gave a spiritual spirit to their sports activities, which influenced the pattern of their war weapons.

Hakim Pythagoras, the son of Manzarek, one of the greatest philosophers and scientists of ancient Greece, whose birth dates to 608 or 580 or 572 according to various traditions. BC, and he died around 497 BC, there is a travel letter left from him that mentions about Mitra's crypt (Seal) 13: "Outside the city, I got dark at the entrance of a cave because of the strangeness of choosing this place to hold the celebration of the most brilliant Stars, I was surprised, I went inside with a few of the spectators, so many actions, rituals, and levels of praise passed before my eyes that my honest memory is not able to express it, I saw those who know the secrets around the fountain of flowing water, washing the body and purity. They requested wisdom and wisdom from Yazdan. Zarathustra fulfilled the duties of the leader of the religion and put an imperishable mark on each one's chest, from achieving this rank, pride arose in these people, each of them ate bread and drank water, this is the sign of the mission or the secret of going back to life. It was new, as the sun opens the new year to the world, they sang the same in their Yazdani hymns and prayers (singing of prayers was accompanied by music and songs, they knelt during praise, a few loaves of bread and a cup of water during the performance There was a ceremony on which the leaders prayed It gives praise, just like the ship, from the word Kesti 15, which means camberand, and the handle is taken from (Sedre) to tie, especially the closed handle of the handle (Sedre) on the stomach, which is held in the hand while sailing, is called Kesti, and this The custom of pre-booking, that is, wrestling at the start of wrestling, is related to the oldest custom of Zoroastrians in ancient Iran. Considering the fact that there are more than 30 words related to the concepts of hero and hero in ancient Iran, the amount of interest of Iranians to Heroes and wrestlers become certain and obvious.
In ancient Iran, young people under the age of 24 received supplementary education related to sports in their time, these sports included : running, riding, polo, throwing darts, wrestling, boxing, archery, fencing and... These techniques were taught under very difficult conditions, so that they can withstand difficult conditions, incompatibilities and problems caused by war, such as hunger, thirst, bruises, heat, cold, etc..< br />
Has this sport been popular throughout history?
Edward Brown Among the great orientalists of the last century, he also considered the history of the prevalence of Zurkhanehs from the ancient period. Throughout the history, this sport with a different name and position and a slightly different reason » : The late Zinda Yad Gholamreza Insafpour has stated in his research that he considered the known history of Zorkhane with its current form and condition to be from the 7th century. Insafpour points out ". And with customs and customs not so comprehensive, in the centuries before the 7th century, we only come across instruments and some of its works sporadically in the form of wrestling, especially in the mythological and heroic stories of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Insafpour named the location of the ancient sports operation from the Arab invasion to the beginning of the Safavid era in the following order: house, anchorage, place of worship and gymnasium.
It came to the Safavid period. The house of worship in the legend of Puriya, but it is related to before the Safavid era.
 

Anchorage from the Seljuk period to the Mongols
According to the history of Sistan, the house belongs to the period of Arab domination and a little later. And the wrestlers in » Insafpour says that there, hidden from the eyes of foreigners, they made themselves strong and tested to face them.
It should be noted that after the death of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH), with the rise of the Umayyad government, the Umayyad rulers used the Bait Al-Mal for entertainment and personal affairs The Holy Prophet of Islam caused the dissatisfaction of Muslims and popular uprisings.
Bani Abbas family was one of the disaffected groups that came to power with the help of Iranian fighters led by Abu Muslim Khorasani. But after a period of rule, the Abbasids also started the tyrannical way and by killing and imprisoning the people, they provided the means for the formation of popular uprisings, and independent Islamic governments were formed in Iran, and parts of Iran were removed from the Arab rule. One of the local governments was the Samanian dynasty. The Samanids chose Bukhara as their capital, encouraged poets and scientists, and encouraged the spread of the Persian language. For many reasons, it is certain that Iranians have always had places and places to perform their light sports operations since ancient times until after Islam. Young people during the Achaemenid period in the open space, under the attention of special teachers » : writes I. For example, Xenophon 18 in his book called .« They see physical education. It can be seen that at the beginning of the Sassanid era, young people were also placed in special places under the supervision of warriors - citing the historical poems of Shahnameh Ferdowsi. They were trained in sports and wrestling. In the mythological and wrestling history of Iran, Rostam Pahlawan, the Pahlawan, was one of the trainers himself, and Kavos entrusted Shah Siavash to Rostam for training and taught him various sports arts, bravery and truth.
< br /> Order the book Menuy Khord
About 43 books Menuy Khord Pahlavi, everyone is ordered to They should dress themselves in confidence and self-confidence (i.e. wearing wrestling pants) and knowledge, and take the shield of truth in their hands, and fight with the evil manifestations with the mace of gratitude and the bow of preparation. It is very clear that the stone, the mill, and the kabade are similar and comparable to those three war tools, as well as the sport of wrestling in the powerhouses and the operations with those tools are closely related to this order of the Pahlavi book of wisdom from the ancient times. The news and honor of wrestling and the prosperity of wrestling can be seen in the mythology and wrestling section of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. They took both waist ropes /> During the period of Islamic civilization, due to the persistence of the Pahlavi religion, new myths emerged about the origin of this religion and linked it with Islam. But this link is not without historical roots. It seems that in Western Asia there have been morals such as chivalry since a very old time, but what is proven is that even before Islam, during the Jahiliyyah period, there was a ritual of fatwat in Arabia, and Hazrat Ali (a.s.) apparently He is the first Muslim to be honored with this title.
The book was written in the 5th century of the Hijri, about the existence of fighters in the capitals and the world of fighters and the word « Al-Tawarikh and Al-Qasas » In the book written in the fourth century of Hijri, " The Gift of the Learned » which comes from the terms wrestling, zorkhaneh. Also in the book, " newly born » It has been written about taking stones and drawing group bows and mentioning the importance of the ship. These sources tell about the possibility of the existence of places where martial arts and ancient sports took place. Among the other things that can be the reason for the spread of Zorkhaneh sports after Islam, the existence of wrestling rituals, the school of chivalry, Aiyari and Shatari movements with officials and ranks wearing a halter or an apron and fighting naked, throwing hoses. And having physical and courageous conditions and wearing the bell, which was mentioned before. After Islam, it was one thing to have enough physical strength and engage in physical sports and prepare for war and combat, and those who converted to this religion at that time considered strengthening their bodies and preparing for combat as one of their first duties. They counted themselves.
Al-Nasir al-Din Allah (the successor of the Abbasid government) joined the group of young men and took off his head at the beginning of the fatut (boat or ship's pants) as one of the most important events. Consider the date of Fatut. This caliph admired the work and actions of young men. He liked shooting with a group bow, playing in the bath (pool hole), which until forty years ago was one of the training games for athletes, and other young men's activities and professional sports. Undoubtedly, the trend of people turning to the groups of young men and athletes in that periodAnd the joining of Al-Naseruddin Allah to the Fatut group about eight hundred years ago cannot be unrelated to the presence of wrestlers and wrestlers in the gymnasiums with the characteristics of a power house.
Wrestling wrestlers Dervish Mohammad with Pahlawan Ali in the village in the Zaghan reservoir of Herat in the presence of Sultan Hossein Bayqra and Zema, « Beginnings of events » According to the news and the people of the city, it tells about the prevalence of pits and pits in the 9th century of Hijri, and wrestling in a pond emptied of water is a sign of the habit of wrestlers of that era to sport and wrestle in pits, as well as the claim of wrestler Ali about coming to Herat and hitting the ground. The head warrior of this city confirms the anchorages as the positions of the warriors and also the opinion that it is possible that Zurkhaneh was in one of the places (angles) of each anchorage (support). The detailed description of wrestling customs in the sixth chapter of Sultani's fatut nameh shows that this work would not have been possible without the existence of a school and a place where one could learn the teachings of fatut names and the instructions of veteran riders and pass the course of learning wrestling techniques and martial arts. .

. 1313, which was held under the initiative of Anjuman Mofakher, caused ancient sports to be included in ceremonies and celebrations in all provinces. Professor Ata A. Bahmanesh, a writer and sports expert, believes that ancient sports, due to the two elements of fusion with religion and Islamic mysticism and fatut, as well as taking from the epic poems of Hakim Abolqasem Ferdowsi and the spirit of valor and valor, again with the formation of the National Association of Physical Education and Scouting It was noticed during the years 1313 onwards. Perto Beizai also points out that with the establishment of physical education departments, which were considered new institutions, a kind of reform was created in the gymnasiums, and as much as possible, new sports equipment that could be used in the gymnasiums was transferred to the gymnasiums. Such as: weights, springs, dumbbells and barbells, and some movements were due to force. and " A healthy mind in a healthy body » Softness became common except for the old sports. The name of Zorkhaneh was changed to club and stadium, and slogans such as Zorkhaneh became popular on the signs of Zorkhaneh. " He mentions the man. In those days, in Zorkhaneh, Bazarche, Marvi, Tehran, a gymnastic equipment was provided, and after getting naked and before entering the pit, the athletes would so-called warm up and then enter the pit. became Perto Bayzaei writes: With the establishment of the physical training association and scouting groups and the construction of sports fields in Tehran and provinces like that, the reformed men were interested in all the ancient manifestations of Iran and brought the old sports together with the new sports into the society and in each The wrestlers of Zorkhane were also invited to the festivals and sports shows and entered the sports fields with old wrestling trunks, and the existence of this sport was strengthened like other affairs of the country, and the name of Zorkhane and the ancient sport, which was close to being forgotten, was reflected in the country's press. This procedure continued until Shahrivar 1320.
One of the steps that was taken after Shahrivar 1320 and caused the revival of ancient sports was the implementation of the ancient sports program on Tehran Radio. which gave new life to Zorkhaneh athletes and according to that, the physical training department started to improve the internal situation of Zorkhanehs. In the provinces, the format of zorkhanehs was officially registered and its privilege was given to one of the pioneers or warriors.  The selection of the capital's champion, which had been stopped for a long time, according to Mr. Perto Bayzaei, became normal again. The armband of the wrestler gained so much respect that it was tied to the armband of the country's wrestler every year, and the construction of public (private) and special (related to institutions and organizations) powerhouses was developed, which can be called the famous Bank Melli Powerhouse and Shaban Jafari Powerhouse. He pointed to Shaaban Bi Mokh (the current Martyr Fahmedeh). that these two powerhouses have hosted many high-ranking delegations of countries and political dignitaries.